The Sharp IR Distance Sensor GP2Y0A21YK0F uses a beam of infrared light to reflect off an object to measure its distance. Because it uses triangulation of the beam of light to calculate the distance, it is able to provide consistent and reliable readings which are less sensitive to temperature variation or the object’s reflectivity. The sensor outputs an analog voltage corresponding to the distance of the object, and can easily be read using an inexpensive analog to digital converter (ADC) chip.

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